Evaluation of large language models in pediatric dentistry: a Bloom’s taxonomy-based analysis

Atanu Mukhopadhyay; Santanu Mukhopadhyay; Raju Biswas

doi:10.3897/folmed.67.e154338

Original Article

Folia Medica 67(4): e154338
https://doi.org/10.3897/folmed.67.e154338 (14 Aug 2025)

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Ezgi Aydin Varol, Zeynep Ozturk, Cenkhan Bal, Nevra Karamuftuoglu (2025)
Comparison of two different artificial intelligence chatbots that provide information to patients and parents about primary tooth pulpotomy treatments. BMC Oral Health 26: .

DOI: 10.1186/s12903-025-07449-2

Kittipat Termteerapornpimol, Sirinya Kulvitit, Sasiprapa Prommanee, Zohaib Khurshid, Thantrira Porntaveetus (2026)
Comparative Benchmark of Seven Large Language Models for Traumatic Dental Injury Knowledge. European Journal of Dentistry 20: 1215.

DOI: 10.1055/s-0045-1812064

Hülya Çerçi Akçay, Nilüfer Üstün (2026)
Cognitive alignment and assessment validity in a high-stakes dental specialty examination: a Bloom’s taxonomy-based analysis. BMC Medical Education 26: .

DOI: 10.1186/s12909-026-09338-w

Atanu Mukhopadhyay, Raju Biswas, Sayani Adhikari, Prasun Mukhopadhyay, Santanu Mukhopadhyay (2026)
Comparative evaluation of large language models for patient-facing information in clear aligner therapy. APOS Trends in Orthodontics 0: 1.

DOI: 10.25259/APOS_146_2026

Onur Akkurt, Ebru Yılmaz, Nilgün Akgül (2026)
Bloom’s taxonomy-based comparison of artificial intelligence and dental students in restorative dentistry. BMC Medical Education 26: .

DOI: 10.1186/s12909-026-09928-8

Meryem Şahin (2026)
Artificial Intelligence in Early Childhood Caries: Accuracy and Temporal Consistency Performance of Large Language Model–Based Chatbots. Mersin Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Lokman Hekim Tıp Tarihi ve Folklorik Tıp Dergisi 16: 970.

DOI: 10.31020/mutftd.1938406

Sanjeev B. Khanagar, Ali Al-Ehaideb, Nouf Almutairi, Layan Alqahtani, Prabhadevi C. Maganur, Satish Vishwanathaiah, Audrey Madonna Dcruz, Kiran Iyer (2026)
Feasibility and exploratory assessment of large language models for pediatric dentistry queries: a comparative study. Frontiers in Oral Health 7: .

DOI: 10.3389/froh.2026.1813936

Serena Incerti Parenti, Giorgio Tsiotas, Alessandro Maglioni, Giulia Lamberti, Andrea Fiordelli, Davide Rossi, Luciano Bononi, Giulio Alessandri-Bonetti (2025)
Artificial Intelligence-Aided Tooth Detection and Segmentation on Pediatric Panoramic Radiographs in Mixed Dentition Using a Transfer Learning Approach. Diagnostics 15: 2615.

DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics15202615

Chiranjit Ghosh, Bhaswati Chakraborty, Amitava Bora, Pradip Kumar Mandal (2026)
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Dentistry: A Narrative Review. Journal of Primary Care Dentistry and Oral Health 7: 127.

DOI: 10.4103/jpcdoh.jpcdoh_6_26

Vineet Dhar, Sergio E. Uribe (2026)
Bloom's Taxonomy Reimagined for Generative AI in Dental Education: An Assessment Framework. Journal of Dental Education : .

DOI: 10.1002/jdd.70274

Emre Sözen (2026)
Large language model accuracy in dental radiology: effects of cognitive complexity and content domain. Scientific Reports 16: .

DOI: 10.1038/s41598-026-63160-4

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