Normality assessment of caudate nucleus (CN) morphometric data. Kernel density plots for normalized measurements with corresponding Shapiro–Wilk p-values showing significant deviation from normality for all parameters (p<0.05), justifying non-parametric statistical analysis. Right length (yellow dashed), right width (brown dash-dot), left length (red dotted), and left width (magenta solid) are visualized with corresponding Shapiro–Wilk p-values: right length: p=0.001, right width: p=0.021, left length: p<0.001, and left width: p=0.003. All tests indicate significant deviation from normality, validating the use of non-parametric methods for further analysis.

 
 
  Part of: Yousufzai S, Radmard S, Khandani Y, Zareifard N, Jafari SH, Yousefi R, Piagkou M, Triantafyllou G, Karimi F (2026) Sex and age effects on caudate nucleus size: implications for neurosurgery and neurodegenerative biomarkers. Folia Medica 68(3): e180527. https://doi.org/10.3897/folmed.68.e180527