Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of Aspergillus Galactomannan antigen (GM) test for the diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patient with hematological malignancies, including patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Materials and methods: Between January 2016 and June 2019, ninety patients were tested for GM. A total of 134 blood and 19 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples were analyzed using Platelia Aspergillus Ag Enzyme-Immuno Assay (Bio-Rad Laboratories). The median age of patients was 63 years (range 25–81). Fifty-six patients (62.2%) were male. All patients were allocated into five groups on the basis of their GM results.

Results: A positive GM antigen test was detected in 16 patients (17.7%). Of these, ten had positive serum samples (group I). After re-testing, 1 patient from group I gave a negative result. Five patients with negative serum samples gave positive BAL results (group II). One patient had positive both serum and BAL samples (group III). Fifteen GM positive patients (9 from group I, group II, and III) were categorized as probable IPA. Thirty-six patients (40%) negative for GM (group IV) were considered with a possible IPA. IPA was excluded in 38 patients (42.2%) (group V). Anti-mould therapy was initiated in all 15 patients who were considered to be cases with probable IPA. IPA was the immediate cause of death in 3 cases (25%).

Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the clinical applicability of the GM test for screening of IPA in high-risk patients with hematological malignancies and HSCT.