Inadequate treatment of endodontic infections in primary teeth results in a loss of а deciduous tooth or abnormality in the development of hard dental tissues of the permanent successor. The main goal is to maintain the integrity and health of the primary tooth until their physiological exfoliation. The success of the endodontic treatment depends on the antimicrobial activity of the root canal filling material that contributes to the elimination or reduction of the microbial infection of the root canal system. The aim of this article is to systematically review the contemporary scientific literature concerning the root canal filling materials used in primary teeth. A critical evaluation of the antimicrobial activity, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the investigated materials, has been made. Knowledge of the composition and characteristics of the available obturating materials is a useful advantage to dentists to address the functional problems associated with endodontic infections in very young patients. Future studies should also seek and compare the long-term effects of the use of traditional and alternative intracanal materials.

paediatric dentistry, primary dentition, root filling materials